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DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

The Social Function: To describe a specific thing, animal, or human being. Generic Structures: Identification--> Identifies phenomenon to be described. Description -->Describes parts, qualities, characteristics. SIGNIFICANT LEXICOGRAMMATICAL FEATURES: Focus on specific Participants Use of Attributive and Identifying Processes. Frequent use of Epithets and Classifiers in nominal groups. Use of simple present tense. Example: Jakarta is located on the northwest coast of Java Island, at the mouth of the Ciliwung river. It dominates Indonesian’s administrative, economy, cultural activities, and is a major commercial and transportation hub within Asia. The climate is hot and humid. Rainfall occurs throughout the year. The heaviest rainfall is from November to May. The city lies on a flat, low plain and is likely to be affected by flood during period of heavy rainfall. The difference between Descriptive and Report Descriptive: Specific Description Report: Gener...

Procedural Text

THE FUNCTION: To describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps . GENERIC STRUCTURE: 1. Goal/aim/purpose                                              2. Materials (not required for all procedural texts)                                              3. Steps; e.g-> first, second, then, after that, finally etc................. SIGNIFICANT LEXICOGRAMMATICAL FEATURES: •  Focus on generalized human agents. • Use of simple present tense, often Imperative. • Use mainly of temporal conjunctions (or numbering to indicate sequence). •...

ASKING and GIVING ADVICE

CONSIDERATION advise : / ədˈvaɪs / verb e.g: I advise you to learn English. You will undoubtedly need it in your higher studies . advice : / ədˈvaɪz / noun e.g: My father gave me this piece of advice when I was young: never give up If you want to ask a piece of advice from someone, you can use such expressions: What do you suggest?  What do you advise me to do?  What should I do?  What ought I to do?  If you were me what would you do?  If you want to give a piece of advice to anybody, you can use these expressions: If I were you, I would… Why don’t you…? You’d better… You ought to/should… If you take my advice, you will…. For stronger advice we can use 'have to' or 'must': Example: You must see a doctor.                 You have to practice your speaking skill.  Things to remember about asking for and giving advice - We can’t say an advice or some advices - " Ough...

Reflexive/Emphasizing Pronoun

Reflexive Pronoun   A Reflexive Pronoun is used as the object of a verb when the action of the verb returns to the doer, i.e.: when subject and object are the same person.  Example:   -           She saw herself in the mirror. -           The boy can dress himself . -           He cut himself last night. -           The children behave themselves . Emphasizing Pronouns a pronoun used to convey emphasize is called an emphasizing pronoun. For example: -           I myself locked the door -           You yourself asked for money -           They themselves are responsible for it

Narrative text

The aim of the Narrative text is to amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways ; Narratives deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution. GENERIC STRUCTURE; - Orientation : sets the scene and introduces the participants. - Evaluation : a stepping back to evaluate the plight. - Complication : a crisis/problem arises. - Resolution : the crisis is resolved, for better or for worse. - Re-orientation : optional. - Coda : a moral value

Recount Text

The aim of Recount text is to retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining The Generic Structure of recount Text is as follows; - Orientation : provides the setting and introduce participants. - Events : tell what happened in what sequence. e.g; next, then, etc... - Re-orientation : Optional-closure of events. The Lexicogrammatical Features of Recount text: - Focus on specific participant - Use of material procssess - Circumstance of time and place - Use of past tense - Focus on temporal sequence, e.q; next, then, after that, etc...